{"id":10740,"date":"2022-03-03T16:18:41","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T16:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/?p=10740"},"modified":"2026-04-07T06:36:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T06:36:12","slug":"dab-converter-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control","title":{"rendered":"DAB converter control using phase-shift modulation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-right-text counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#What-is-a-DAB-converter\" >What is a DAB converter?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#DAB-converter-voltage-control-with-phase-shift-modulation\" >DAB converter voltage control with phase-shift modulation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#Voltage-control\" >Voltage control<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#Phase-shift-modulation\" >Phase-shift modulation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#Soft-start-of-the-DAB-converter\" >Soft-start of the DAB converter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#DAB-converter-prototype\" >DAB converter prototype<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#Control-software\" >Control software<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#Specifications\" >Specifications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#Test-procedure\" >Test procedure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dab-converter-control\/#Experimental-results\" >Experimental results<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>This page covers a possible control algorithm for controlling the secondary DC voltage of a DAB converter. A working prototype is built using <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/products\/power\/full-bridge-module\/\">PEH full-bridge power modules<\/a> and is controlled with a <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/products\/control\/rapid-prototyping-controller\/\">B-Box digital controller<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"754\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_setup_photo_with_oscillo_v3-1-1024x754.png\" alt=\"DAB converter setup made with imperix products\" class=\"wp-image-10897\" style=\"width:584px;height:430px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_setup_photo_with_oscillo_v3-1-1024x754.png 1024w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_setup_photo_with_oscillo_v3-1-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_setup_photo_with_oscillo_v3-1-768x565.png 768w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_setup_photo_with_oscillo_v3-1.png 1297w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-dab-converter\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-is-a-DAB-converter\"><\/span>What is a DAB converter?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The DAB converter (Dual Active Bridge) is a bidirectional isolated DC\/DC converter. It consists of two full bridges isolated by a high-frequency transformer. The full bridges apply different square-wave voltages to each port of the transformer, creating a voltage difference across its leakage inductance and thus transferring power from one port to the other. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this current example, the DAB converter is a 200V\/400V converter, allowing to use <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/products\/power\/full-bridge-module\/\">PEH 2015<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/products\/power\/h-bridge-module\/\">PEH 4010<\/a> power modules.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"643\" height=\"196\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_schematics_PEH.png\" alt=\"DAB converter schematics\" class=\"wp-image-10851\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_schematics_PEH.png 643w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_schematics_PEH-300x91.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">DAB converter schematics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>A more complex example of an input series output parallel DAB can be found in <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/input-series-output-parallel-dab\">TN151<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dab-converter-voltage-control-with-phase-shift-modulation\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DAB-converter-voltage-control-with-phase-shift-modulation\"><\/span>DAB converter voltage control with phase-shift modulation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Several modulation techniques of the full-bridges can be utilized to control the power flow from one DC port of the DAB converter to the other. Some of these techniques are presented in <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dual-active-bridge-control\">Dual Active Bridge modulation techniques<\/a>. Among these techniques, phase-shift modulation is the most common, probably due to its simplicity. It requires that the full bridges generate two-level bipolar square-wave voltages with 50% duty-cycle and power transfer is achieved by phase-shifting the voltage of one bridge against the other. The power flow can be effectively controlled by adjusting that phase shift, giving a simple control method with only one degree of freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"268\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_theoretical_waveforms.png\" alt=\"Typical waveforms of DAB converters with phase-shift modulation\" class=\"wp-image-10806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_theoretical_waveforms.png 463w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_theoretical_waveforms-300x174.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Typical waveforms of DAB converters with phase-shift modulation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>As developped in [1], the power transfer from one side to the other of the DAB converter can be expressed by the following equation and is maximal for \\(\\phi = 0.25\\):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>$$ P = \\displaystyle\\frac{nV_p V_s}{f_{sw}L_{tot}}\\phi(1-2|\\phi|) $$<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/phi-P_curve.png\" alt=\"Power transfer curve of DAB converter\" class=\"wp-image-10778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/phi-P_curve.png 400w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/phi-P_curve-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Power transfer of DAB converter prototype as a function of the primary-to-secondary phase shift<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-voltage-control\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voltage-control\"><\/span>Voltage control<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If the phase shift \\(\\phi\\) is kept in the range [-0.25, 0.25], the power transfer curve shown above is monotonic. This means that the power transfer, and thus the secondary voltage \\(V_s\\) can be directly controlled with a standard PI controller. The voltage control implementation in Simulink is shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"311\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Voltage_controller-1-1024x311.png\" alt=\"Voltage controller for phase-shift modulation\" class=\"wp-image-10842\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Voltage_controller-1-1024x311.png 1024w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Voltage_controller-1-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Voltage_controller-1-768x233.png 768w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Voltage_controller-1.png 1274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Voltage controller<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As seen later, the present control implementation has two operation modes: the start-up and the voltage control mode. A rate limiter on the voltage reference ensures a bumpless transition from the start-up mode to the voltage control mode. At the end of the start-up sequence, the voltage reference is ramped gradually from the measured voltage to the desired voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-phase-shift-modulation\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phase-shift-modulation\"><\/span>Phase-shift modulation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As addressed in <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/implementation\/dual-active-bridge-control\">Dual Active Bridge modulation techniques<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/carrier-based-pwm\">carrier-based PWM modulators<\/a> provided in imperix library can easily implement phase-shift modulation strategies thanks to their real-time <em>phase <\/em>parameter. The control algorithm sets the phase of each of the four legs as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In voltage control mode, <code>Phase_pB - Phase_pA<\/code> is set 0.5 to produce two-level voltage waveforms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The same hold for <code>Phase_sB - Phase_sA<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The primary-to-secondary phase shift \\(\\phi\\) <code>= Phase_sA - Phase_pA<\/code> controls the power flow in the DAB converter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-soft-start-of-the-dab-converter\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soft-start-of-the-DAB-converter\"><\/span>Soft-start of the DAB converter<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When starting up the converter, a significant inrush current can flow through the bridges and the transformer, generating high stress on the components and potentially damaging them. This inrush current can be effectively mitigated by using an appropriate soft-start method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, the transformer is gradually magnetized by applying a three-level voltage with a gradually increasing duty-cycle to the primary of the transformer (waveform shown below). This imposes a gradually increasing current in the transformer and charges the secondary. To ensure that the transformer current has a zero DC component, the duty-cycle of the generated pulses is increased only each two switching periods to maintain symmetry between the positive and the negative pulses.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"414\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_softstart_waveform-1.png\" alt=\"Soft-starting of DAB converter\" class=\"wp-image-10820\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_softstart_waveform-1.png 414w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_softstart_waveform-1-300x106.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Primary voltage waveform during soft-starting<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The soft-start procedure is realized with the simple state machine below, implemented with the Stateflow toolbox for Simulink. The ramping of the duty-cycle is achieved by progressively increasing the phase shift between the legs of the primary bridge. The state machine also handles the transition to the voltage control mode, as soon as the reference voltage is reached or after a given delay.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"791\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Softstart_state_machine-1024x791.png\" alt=\"Soft-start state machine diagram\" class=\"wp-image-10836\" style=\"width:636px;height:490px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Softstart_state_machine-1024x791.png 1024w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Softstart_state_machine-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Softstart_state_machine-768x593.png 768w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Softstart_state_machine.png 1122w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Soft-start state machine implementation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-references\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>[1] F. Krismer, \u201c<em>Modeling and Optimization of Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter Topologies,\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>Ph.D. dissertation, ETH Zurich, 2010<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dab-converter-prototype\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DAB-converter-prototype\"><\/span>DAB converter prototype<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-control-software\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Control-software\"><\/span>Control software<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The control software is developed on Simulink, using the imperix <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/software\/acg-sdk\/simulink\/\">ACG SDK<\/a> toolbox. It can be downloaded using the button below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_converter_control.slx\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download>Download DAB converter control model<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-1024x425.png\" alt=\"Simulink model for DAB converter control\" class=\"wp-image-10903\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-1024x425.png 1024w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-768x319.png 768w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image.png 1449w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-specifications\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Specifications\"><\/span>Specifications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The prototype is built with the following imperix products:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Primary full bridge: <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/products\/power\/full-bridge-module\/\">PEH 2015<\/a> (200V<sub>DC<\/sub> &#8211; 15A<sub>RMS<\/sub> &#8211; 4x IGBTs)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Secondary full bridge: <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/products\/power\/h-bridge-module\/\">PEH 4010<\/a> (400V<sub>DC<\/sub> &#8211; 10A<sub>RMS<\/sub> &#8211; 4x IGBTs)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Controller implementing phase-shift modulation: <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/products\/control\/rapid-prototyping-controller\/\">B-Box RCP<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Control implementation: graphical programming from Simulink using <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/software\/acg-sdk\/\">ACG SDK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"719\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Testbench-annotated.png\" alt=\"DAB converter setup\" class=\"wp-image-10873\" style=\"width:719px;height:391px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Testbench-annotated.png 719w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Testbench-annotated-300x163.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">DAB converter setup<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The operating conditions are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Converter rated power \\(P_n\\)<\/td><td>2 kW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Primary voltage \\(V_p\\)<\/td><td>200 V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Secondary voltage \\(V_s\\)<\/td><td>400 V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transformer turn ration \\(n\\)<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Total power transfer inductance \\(L_{tot}\\)<\/td><td>107 \u00b5H<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Switching frequency \\(f_{sw}\\)<\/td><td>20 kHz<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Load resistor \\(R_{load}\\)<\/td><td>80 \u03a9, 5 A<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">DAB converter parameters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-test-procedure\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Test-procedure\"><\/span>Test procedure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The experimental results presented here can be reproduced using the provided Simulink control model and following the procedure below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Configure the analog front-end of the B-Box controller so as to retrieve correctly the measured quantities and set the appropriate protection thresholds. Refer to <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/help\/analog-front-end-configuration-on-b-box-rcp\">Analog front-end configuration<\/a> for more details.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Launch the control code from the Simulink model and connect to the B-Box controller using <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/software\/cockpit\/\">Cockpit<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Charge the primary DC bus by increasing progressively the source voltage to 200 V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set the voltage reference <code>Vs_ref<\/code> to 400 V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enable the PWM outputs using the dedicated button in Cockpit as described on the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/help\/programming-imperix-controllers#h-enabling-disabling-pwm-signals\">Programming and operating imperix controllers<\/a> page.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set <code>activate_DAB<\/code> to 1 to start operating the converter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Change the voltage reference to test the reference tracking of the voltage controller<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The DC voltages should behave as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"702\" height=\"557\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_voltage_ctrl_cockpit2.png\" alt=\"Cockpit view of soft-start and voltage control\" class=\"wp-image-10755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_voltage_ctrl_cockpit2.png 702w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_voltage_ctrl_cockpit2-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Soft-start and voltage control operation of the DAB converter &#8211; Screenshot of Cockpit monitoring software<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-experimental-results\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Experimental-results\"><\/span>Experimental results<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, it is validated that the start-up procedure does not lead to excessive currents. The current scoping shown below confirms that the transformer current increases gradually without exceeding the rated value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_magnetization_current.png\" alt=\"Magnetization of DAB transformer for soft-start\" class=\"wp-image-10745\" style=\"width:800px;height:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_magnetization_current.png 800w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_magnetization_current-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_magnetization_current-768x288.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Transformer current measured during soft-start of the DAB converter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After start-up, in voltage control mode, the transformer waveforms are measured to verify the correct functioning of the phase-shift modulation strategy. As shown below, the phase shift is roughly 0.15, corresponding to a power transfer of 1.96 kW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_2kW_results.png\" alt=\"Measured voltage and current waveforms of the DAB converter prototype\" class=\"wp-image-10742\" style=\"width:800px;height:495px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_2kW_results.png 800w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_2kW_results-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DAB_2kW_results-768x475.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Measured voltage and current waveforms of the DAB converter prototype<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This page covers a possible control algorithm for controlling the secondary DC voltage of a DAB converter. A working prototype is built using PEH full-bridge&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10880,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[21],"software-environments":[103],"provided-results":[108],"related-products":[50,32,92,166,111],"guidedreadings":[117,121],"tutorials":[148],"user-manuals":[],"coauthors":[63],"class_list":["post-10740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-implementation","tag-dc-dc-converters","software-environments-matlab","provided-results-experimental","related-products-acg-sdk","related-products-b-box-rcp","related-products-b-box-micro","related-products-b-box-rcp-3-0","related-products-pm","guidedreadings-fast-electric-vehicle-charger-with-intermediate-energy-storage","guidedreadings-solid-state-transformer-sst-for-mc-lv-smart-grid","tutorials-isop-operation-with-isolated-dc-dc-converter"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DAB converter control using phase-shift modulation - imperix<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This page deals with the control of a DAB converter using phase-shift modulation. 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