{"id":29350,"date":"2024-05-22T14:52:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T14:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/?p=29350"},"modified":"2025-06-02T13:02:19","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T13:02:19","slug":"npc-phase-leg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg","title":{"rendered":"PEN \u2013 NPC phase-leg"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-right-text counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Electrical-modeling-of-PEN\" >Electrical modeling of PEN<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#DC-bus\" >DC bus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Embedded-sensors\" >Embedded sensors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Power-transistors\" >Power transistors<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Thermal-modeling-of-PEN\" >Thermal modeling of PEN<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Thermal-impedance-network\" >Thermal impedance network<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Semiconductor-loss-model\" >Semiconductor loss model<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Simulink-PEN-block\" >Simulink PEN block<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Port-specification\" >Port specification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Electrical-parameters\" >Electrical parameters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Thermal-parameters\" >Thermal parameters<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#PLECS-PEN-block\" >PLECS PEN block<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Port-specification-2\" >Port specification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Electrical-parameters-2\" >Electrical parameters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Thermal-parameters-2\" >Thermal parameters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/software\/npc-phase-leg\/#Probe-signals\" >Probe signals<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>The PEN block is a simulation model included in the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/software\/acg-sdk\/\">Imperix Power library<\/a>. It models the imperix NPC phase-leg <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/products\/power\/npc-converter-module\/\">PEN8018<\/a> in Simulink and PLECS simulation. For more information regarding how to get started with Imperix Power library, please read&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/help\/getting-started-with-imperix-power-library\">PN150<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This block also provides a thermal model for PEN8018. For more information regarding thermal simulation with the Imperix Power library, please read <a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/help\/thermal-simulation-with-imperix-power-library\">PN132<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-simple-alerts-for-gutenberg-alert-boxes sab-alert sab-alert-info\" role=\"alert\">Imperix Power library is available starting from ACG SDK 2024.2. Moreover, thermal simulation is enabled from ACG SDK 2025.1 BETA. Simulink Simscape Electrical or PLECS is also required. The Simulink version is only compatible with Specialized Power Systems. The supported versions are:<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong>\u00a0Simulink R2016a or newer.<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong>\u00a0Plexim PLECS 4.5 or newer.<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electrical-modeling-of-PEN\"><\/span>Electrical modeling of PEN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>The schematic of the electrical model of PEN is depicted on the right. It has two modeling levels:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>(A) Simple<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>(B) Detailed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_pen.png\" alt=\"schematic of PEN model\" class=\"wp-image-29356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_pen.png 348w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_pen-300x274.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Schematic of PEN model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>For more detailed model parameters and measurement results, please contact support@imperix.ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DC-bus\"><\/span>DC bus<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The schematic of the equivalent DC bus is shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"253\" height=\"328\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_dc_bus_pen_simple.png\" alt=\"PEN DC Bus model - Simple\" class=\"wp-image-29366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_dc_bus_pen_simple.png 253w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_dc_bus_pen_simple-231x300.png 231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(A) Simple<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"343\" height=\"328\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_dc_bus_pen_detailed.png\" alt=\"PEN DC Bus model - Detailed\" class=\"wp-image-29367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_dc_bus_pen_detailed.png 343w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_dc_bus_pen_detailed-300x287.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(B) Detailed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The simulation model is relevant within a given frequency range. The frequency validity range is 0-4 kHz for the (A) Simple level and 0-100 kHz for the (B) Detailed level. In that range, the impedance and transfer function of the model are reasonably close to the modeled system, which can be seen along with the plots of the proposed models. The model parameters are also displayed below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pen8018_dc_bus_imped.png\" alt=\"PEN 8018 DC Bus impedance\" class=\"wp-image-29357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pen8018_dc_bus_imped.png 500w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pen8018_dc_bus_imped-300x180.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td>C_1<br>[uF]<\/td><td>ESR_1<br>[m\u03a9]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(A)<\/td><td>258.5*2<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(B)<\/td><td>258.5*2<\/td><td>80\/2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Model Parameters of PEN8018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Embedded-sensors\"><\/span>Embedded sensors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A generic sensor can be approximately modeled by an ideal sensor in series with an optional first-order Low-Pass Filter (LPF). The relationship between sensor&#8217;s bandwidth \\(f_{BW}\\) and the time constant \\(\\tau\\) of the LPF follows \\(\\tau = \\frac{1}{2\\pi f_{BW}}\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:42%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"286\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_sensors_ideal1.png\" alt=\"ideal sensor model\" class=\"wp-image-29703\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ideal model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:58%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_sensors_lpf.png\" alt=\"1st-order LPF sensor model\" class=\"wp-image-29290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_sensors_lpf.png 400w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/schem_sensors_lpf-300x131.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1st-order LPF model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A sensor is modeled as a first-order LPF only if its bandwidth lies within the frequency range of a given modeling level. Otherwise, it is modeled as an ideal sensor. The following table summarizes the information on all the sensors in the PEN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Sensor<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Bandwidth [kHz]<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>(A) Simple<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>(B) Detailed<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">PEN voltage sensor<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">25<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ideal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">LPF<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">PEN current sensor<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">450<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ideal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ideal<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Modeling of the sensors in PEN<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Power-transistors\"><\/span>Power transistors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PEN block offers two options for modeling the power transistors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-718ef7fa-6690-4053-9dac-c3cfe3c7d47a\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Switched<\/strong> The transistors are modeled by individual power semiconductors. The control inputs are instantaneous logical gate signals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Averaged<\/strong> The transistors are modeled by controlled voltage and current sources. The control inputs are the relative on-times of the semiconductors with values between 0 and 1. The gate signals can be either instantaneous (using only values 0 and 1) or time-averaged.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the functionality is practically the same, these options are named differently in PLECS and Simulink Simscape to be consistent with their naming conventions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In Simulink Simscape only the <strong>Switched<\/strong> model is available, which is named:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-84b17d12-19ad-4530-89e0-3fa0babcbe25\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Switching devices<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In PLECS they are named:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Switched<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sub-cycle average<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal-modeling-of-PEN\"><\/span>Thermal modeling of PEN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>The schematic of the thermal model of PEN8018 is depicted on the right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It includes the loss model of the semiconductors and the thermal impedance network between the junction and the ambient temperature.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"485\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN_thermal_model_plecs.png\" alt=\"Thermal modeling of semiconductors in PEN in PLECS\" class=\"wp-image-32025\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN_thermal_model_plecs.png 485w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN_thermal_model_plecs-300x262.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Schematic of PEB thermal model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal-impedance-network\"><\/span>Thermal impedance network<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The thermal impedance model models only the thermal resistances, and all the thermal capacitances are either ignored or fixed at a small value to reduce the simulation time for the system to reach a thermal steady state. The model parameters are displayed below. Note that the thermal impedance between the junction and the case is included in the transistor&#8217;s thermal description file and thus is not present in the schematic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Thermal resistance<\/td><td>Value [K\/W]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IGBT junction to case resistance<\/td><td>1.49<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Diode junction to case resistance<\/td><td>1.819<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Case to Heatsink resistance Rth_ch<\/td><td>1.91<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heatsink to ambient temperature resistance Rth_ha<\/td><td>0.21<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Thermal impedance model parameters of PEN8018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Semiconductor-loss-model\"><\/span>Semiconductor loss model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The semiconductor&#8217;s turn-on loss \\(E_{on}\\), turn-off loss \\(E_{off}\\), and on-state drain-to-source voltage \\(V_{on}\\) are modeled by look-up-tables provided by manufacturers. The module&#8217;s switching loss \\(P_{sw}\\) is calculated by periodic impulse averages of \\(E_{on}\\) and \\(E_{off}\\) over a chosen period, which is 1ms by default. The conduction loss \\(P_{cond}\\) is calculated by \\(P_{cond} = V_{on} \\cdot I_{on}\\). The detailed model implementation in Simulink and PLECS can be viewed in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/help\/thermal-simulation-with-imperix-power-library\">PN132<\/a>, and the look-up-tables are provided below.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid #eeeeee;border-right:1px solid #eeeeee;border-bottom:1px solid #eeeeee;border-left:2px solid #eeeeee;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:#ffffff;color:#444444;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#d4d4d4;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#d4d4d4;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#d4d4d4;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#d4d4d4;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:#444444;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid #eeeeee;border-right:1px solid #eeeeee;border-bottom:1px solid #eeeeee;border-left:2px solid #eeeeee;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#d4d4d4;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#d4d4d4;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#d4d4d4;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#d4d4d4;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid #eeeeee;border-right:1px solid #eeeeee;border-bottom:1px solid #eeeeee;border-left:2px solid #eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#d4d4d4;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#d4d4d4;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#d4d4d4;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#d4d4d4;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id29350_2f70b9-58 kt-accordion-has-2-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane29350_c8b77f-e9\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Look-up-tables of PEN8018<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>The look-up-tables of the Vincotech 10-FZ06NIA030SA-P924F33 used in PEN8018 are shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Eon1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 AC IGBT Eon\" class=\"wp-image-32031\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Eon1.png 525w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Eon1-300x186.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 AC IGBT Eon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"526\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Eoff1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 AC IGBT Eoff\" class=\"wp-image-32032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Eoff1.png 526w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Eoff1-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 AC IGBT Eoff<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Eon1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 DC IGBT Eon\" class=\"wp-image-32029\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Eon1.png 525w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Eon1-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 DC IGBT Eon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"523\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Eoff1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 DC IGBT Eoff\" class=\"wp-image-32030\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Eoff1.png 523w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Eoff1-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 DC IGBT Eoff<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"523\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCdiode_Eoff1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 DC Diode Eoff\" class=\"wp-image-32033\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCdiode_Eoff1.png 523w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCdiode_Eoff1-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 DC Diode Eoff<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"523\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_NPdiode_Eoff1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 NC Diode Eoff\" class=\"wp-image-32034\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_NPdiode_Eoff1.png 523w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_NPdiode_Eoff1-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 NC Diode Eoff<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"562\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Von1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 AC IGBT Von\" class=\"wp-image-32035\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Von1.png 562w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACigbt_Von1-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 AC IGBT Von<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACdiode_Von1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 AC Diode Von\" class=\"wp-image-32036\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACdiode_Von1.png 564w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_ACdiode_Von1-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 AC Diode Von<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"565\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Von1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 DC IGBT Von\" class=\"wp-image-32037\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Von1.png 565w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCigbt_Von1-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 DC IGBT Von<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCdiode_Von1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 DC Diode Von\" class=\"wp-image-32038\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCdiode_Von1.png 564w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_DCdiode_Von1-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 DC Diode Von<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_NPdiode_Von1.png\" alt=\"PEN8018 NC Diode Von\" class=\"wp-image-32039\" style=\"width:390px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_NPdiode_Von1.png 563w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PEN8018_NPdiode_Von1-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEN8018 NC Diode Von<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simulink-PEN-block\"><\/span>Simulink PEN block<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Port-specification\"><\/span>Port specification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The input <code>g0,2<\/code> and <code>g1,3<\/code> are the gate signals. There are 4 signals in total, and the order is shown in the schematic.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For <code>Switching devices (switched)<\/code> model, <code>g0,2<\/code> and <code>g1,3<\/code> are the 0\/1 PWM signals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For <code>Switching Function (averaged)<\/code> model, <code>g0,2<\/code> and <code>g1,3<\/code> can be either the 0\/1 PWM signal or the duty cycle between 0 and 1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The output <code>V<\/code> is the measured voltages across each half of the DC bus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The output <code>I<\/code> is the measured output current.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The output&nbsp;<code>Th<\/code>&nbsp;is the thermal simulation results. This port is only visible when thermal simulation is enabled.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The connection port <code>DC+<\/code> is the electrical port connected to the positive pole of the DC bus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The connection port <code>DC-<\/code> is the electrical port connected to the negative pole of the DC bus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The connection port <code>N<\/code> is the electrical port connected to the midpoint of the DC bus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The connection port <code>AC<\/code> is the electrical port connected to the AC output.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"113\" height=\"206\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/simulink_pen_block2.png\" alt=\"Simulink PLECS block\" class=\"wp-image-32582\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electrical-parameters\"><\/span>Electrical parameters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Use global configurations<\/code> is ticked when the block receives global configurations from the <code>Config <\/code>block.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Modeling level<\/code> selects the modeling level of the peripheral circuits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Initial voltage across each half of DC Bus [V]<\/code> is a 2&#215;1 array that defines the initial voltage across each half of the DC bus when the simulation starts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal-parameters\"><\/span>Thermal parameters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Enable thermal simulation<\/code>&nbsp;is ticked when the thermal simulation is enabled.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Averaging period [s]<\/code> defines the averaging period for calculating switching loss.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Initial junction temperature [\u00b0C]<\/code>&nbsp;defines the initial junction temperature when the simulation starts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Ambient temperature [\u00b0C]<\/code>&nbsp;defines the ambient temperature throughout the simulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/simulink_pen_mask_a.png\" alt=\"PEN Simulink mask A\" class=\"wp-image-32584\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/simulink_pen_mask_a.png 455w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/simulink_pen_mask_a-258x300.png 258w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"577\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/simulink_pen_mask_b.png\" alt=\"PEN Simulink mask\" class=\"wp-image-32585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/simulink_pen_mask_b.png 455w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/simulink_pen_mask_b-237x300.png 237w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PLECS-PEN-block\"><\/span>PLECS PEN block<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Port-specification-2\"><\/span>Port specification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<ul id=\"block-0c3545e7-737e-47c6-8f87-485ebd64efc2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The input <code>g0,2<\/code> and <code>g1,3<\/code> are the gate signals. There are 4 signals in total, and the order is shown in the schematic.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For <code>Switched<\/code> model, &nbsp;<code>g0,2<\/code>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code>g1,3<\/code>&nbsp;are the 0\/1 PWM signals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For <code>Sub-cycle average<\/code> model, &nbsp;<code>g0,2<\/code>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code>g1,3<\/code>&nbsp;can be either the 0\/1 PWM signals or the duty cycles between 0 and 1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The output <code>V<\/code> is the measured voltages across each half of the DC bus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The output <code>I<\/code> is the measured output current.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The connection port <code>DC+<\/code> is the electrical port connected to the positive pole of the DC bus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The connection port <code>DC-<\/code> is the electrical port connected to the negative pole of the DC bus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The connection port <code>N<\/code> is the electrical port connected to the midpoint of the DC bus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The connection port <code>AC<\/code> is the electrical port connected to the AC output.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"102\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_block.png\" alt=\"PEN PLECS block\" class=\"wp-image-29384\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electrical-parameters-2\"><\/span>Electrical parameters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-66be6431-5576-4fd4-8473-b12a39c4fcb0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Modeling level<\/code> selects the modeling level of the peripheral circuits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor model type<\/code> selects the model of the power transistors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>DC Bus midpoint terminal visible<\/code> shows or hides the port <code>N<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Initial voltage across each half of DC Bus [V]<\/code> is a 2&#215;1 array that defines the initial voltage across each half of the DC bus when the simulation starts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal-parameters-2\"><\/span>Thermal parameters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Enable thermal simulation<\/code>&nbsp;is ticked when the thermal simulation is enabled.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Averaging period [s]<\/code> defines the averaging period for calculating switching loss.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Initial junction temperature [\u00b0C]<\/code>&nbsp;defines the initial junction temperature when the simulation starts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Ambient temperature [\u00b0C]<\/code>&nbsp;defines the ambient temperature throughout the simulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"583\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_mask_a.png\" alt=\"PEN PLECS mask A\" class=\"wp-image-32586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_mask_a.png 443w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_mask_a-228x300.png 228w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"583\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_mask_b.png\" alt=\"PEN PLECS mask B\" class=\"wp-image-32587\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_mask_b.png 443w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_mask_b-228x300.png 228w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Probe-signals\"><\/span>Probe signals<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following signals can be monitored by a Probe block in PLECS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Gate signals<\/code> monitors the gate signals present at the input <code>g<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>DC Bus voltages true value [V]<\/code> monitors the true value of the DC bus voltages in Volt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>DC Bus voltages sensor output [V]<\/code> monitors the physical output of the DC bus voltage sensors in Volt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Output current true value [A]<\/code> monitors the true value of the output current in Amp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Output current sensor output [V]<\/code> monitors the physical output of the output current sensor in Volt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The following signals contain thermal simulation results that can be monitored when thermal simulation is enabled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Transistor DC_H junction temperature [\u00b0C]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the junction temperature of transistor DC_H in \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor AC_H junction temperature [\u00b0C]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the junction temperature of transistor AC_H in \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor DC_L junction temperature [\u00b0C]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the junction temperature of transistor DC_L in \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor AC_L junction temperature [\u00b0C]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the junction temperature of transistor AC_L in \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Total conduction loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the module&#8217;s total conduction loss in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Total switching loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the module&#8217;s total switching loss in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor DC_H conduction loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the conduction loss of transistor DC_H in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor AC_H conduction loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the conduction loss of transistor AC_H in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor DC_L conduction loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the conduction loss of transistor DC_L in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor AC_L conduction loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the conduction loss of transistor AC_L in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Diode NC_H conduction loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the conduction loss of diode NC_H in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Diode NC_L conduction loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the conduction loss of diode NC_L in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor DC_H switching loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the switching loss of transistor DC_H in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor AC_H switching loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the switching loss of transistor AC_H in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor DC_L switching loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the switching loss of transistor DC_L in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Transistor AC_L switching  loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the switching loss of transistor AC_L in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Diode NC_H switching loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the switching loss of diode NC_H in Watt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Diode NC_L switching loss [W]<\/code>&nbsp;monitors the switching loss of diode NC_L in Watt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"676\" height=\"648\" src=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_probe1.png\" alt=\"PEB PLECS probe\" class=\"wp-image-32588\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_probe1.png 676w, https:\/\/imperix.com\/doc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/plecs_pen_probe1-300x288.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The PEN block is a simulation model included in the Imperix Power library. It models the imperix NPC phase-leg PEN8018 in Simulink and PLECS simulation&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":33315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"software-environments":[103,104],"provided-results":[],"related-products":[50,31,32,92,166,111],"guidedreadings":[],"tutorials":[],"user-manuals":[],"coauthors":[72,149],"class_list":["post-29350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software","software-environments-matlab","software-environments-plecs","related-products-acg-sdk","related-products-b-board-pro","related-products-b-box-rcp","related-products-b-box-micro","related-products-b-box-rcp-3-0","related-products-pm"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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